This is a Low Prep RPG Philosophy article.

The article on Low Prep, Rich Traveller Campaigns : A Game Structure Overview gave a framework for building the physical and broad political layout of a campaign This article begins to clothe that space with NPC groups that are doing things.

What is a Faction?

A group of sentient beings that work together and pool resources to achieve a common goal. A faction may itself be divided into factions.

Why would a GM use factions?

Factions, by their presence and behaviour, provide situations for player characters to engage. The factions only require light treatment in order to produce large benefits in engagement.

How do factions work?

Factions have a presence in various locations: members, allies, and assets. These things may merely be implied or procedurally generated as needed. Factions mobilise regularly in operations to further their goals, to grow their strength, to consolidate, or to oppose rival factions. Events may result in factions merging together or breaking into smaller factions. As players move through locations they encounter rumours and news about factions and their operations, and can encounter and engage with faction members, allies and assets. Player characters may join factions or oppose them, and PC actions may impact on faction strength, membership, allies, assets and oppositions.

Factions In Low Prep, Rich Traveller Campaigns

Lets look briefly at the faction system in Stars Without Number, an RPG with similar scope to Traveller but with a very different premise. (there is a free edition ) There the factions have one or more tags that give their nature, what they are about. They also get a home world and number of characteristics: hit points, force rating, cunning rating, wealth rating, faction credits and experience points. Factions also have hit points, purchase and maintenance costs, and various other capabilities. During each month factions get to do something, which the GM plays out like a sort of wargame. This structure can be fun and works well, however I don’t find it low prep, and it doesn’t scale well to astro nation scale factions or single planet scale factions. Its also a bit fiddly to create factions on the fly as players move about.

Another example of interest is Justin Alexander’s Keep on the Borderlands: Factions in the Dungeon. Here there is a detailed scenario with elements that can readily be identified as factions. The bit that interests us is the mechanism suggested. Between adventures pick two factions and roll on an interaction table to see how they effect one another. This results in updates to the keyed locations involving those factions. The lightness of that mechanism is what we are after here.

So what I want is a faction system that:

• Scales to many different scopes from an area on a planet’s surface to astro national action across a galaxy.
• Allows a vague, general definition to be quickly generated, even then only where relevant, sometimes on the fly.
• Has the general definitions providing guidance for materialising detail as it becomes desirable.
• Is dynamic but only as much as is useful without a large background prep burden.
• Provides enough structure to engage players and allows them to have a significant impact and to make meaningful choices.

A Note About Star System Types

The low prep faction guidelines reference star system types such as Capitol, Trade Hub and Population/Cultural Centres. If you are running a regular Traveller game that does not descend from my low prep system that’s fine, simply give those designations to appropriate star systems in your game.

Factions in the Core Rule Book

Mongoose Traveller (2^nd Edition) very lightly mentions factions for planets (pages 219 and 220). Such factions should still be used, in addition to the system here. I would recommend generating them only for planets significant to play and within the context of the broader interplanetary and interstellar factions. Season to taste.

Basic Faction Descriptions

We only want to know four main things about factions in general:

Scope which can be National, Sector-ish, Star Group, or Star System.

Nature What do they try to achieve, how do they go about it, and who are the beneficiaries.

Strength an abstract numerical value (2 to 12) of how much power they have.

Presence where a factions strongholds are and if the faction is present in any given star system.

As play occurs factions will also end up with a History and Relationships to other factions. You may generate some history and relationships prior to play but its not essential.

Factions will regularly perform operations, attempts to increase their strength or presence, to support allied factions, or to oppose rival factions. These will be resolved at various time scales, monthly, quarterly, yearly and 4 year term. The results of operations provide Growth DMs that are used to influence a dice roll for faction life events, where factions may shrink, grow, merge, fragment or give birth to child factions.

Player character generation may activate operations and events for factions whose scope covers the location of the character during each term of service. While characters are playing then the game master may process the operations of factions that are present in the player’s vicinity. Players may have encounters with faction members and assets and experience their operations when they are present in the same star system. The detail of those encounters is not strongly defined, and is up to the game master to consider within the context of the star system and the faction information to hand and any pre-determined history and details. The outcome of such encounters may add additional Growth DMs (positive or negative) to the faction.

Remember that none of this requires any strong commitment to detailed or complete coverage. It is a system for creating some useful context that helps in generating adventures for players and to give their adventures meaning.

Creating Factions, Scope, Nature and Strength

Scope

The first thing to consider is the scope of a faction. How many star systems is it likely to cover and where.

Scope	Extent
Astro Nation	Nation
Sector-ish	One or more sub sectors.
Star Group	Collection of stars within 5 jumps* of the centre of the group.
Star System	Collection of stars within one jump* of the star.

* a jump is the number of parsecs that can be travelled in a single jump by the fastest technology generally available in the nation.

When starting your campaign create one or two factions at each scope level around the star system(s) that the players will begin in. Factions that cover other areas can be defined as play progresses and they become relevant.

Nature

Factions are about something with an intended beneficiary, and they have ways of going about stuff. To keep things light I suggest here having some descriptive tags that indicate each factions nature. This can help decide who will help or hinder who, and what they do in a general sense, without bogging down into mechanics.

These tags are arranged in groups. If you give more than one tag to a faction then it can only have one tag from any given grouping. You can use dice to select your faction tags or simply select them to suit your campaign. These tags are not necessarily exhaustive so add your own as you see fit.

Roll d6 to choose a column: 1-3 = Column A, 4-6 = Column B.

2D6	Column A	Column B
2	Psychotic	Cult / Con
3	Hedonists / Ascetics	Individualists / Communitarian
4	Anarchists / Authoritarians	Pro Social / Anti Social
5	Fanatic / Reasoned	Emancipationist / Slavers
6	Expansionists / Consolidators	Traditionalists / Progressives
7	Wealth Concentrators / Wealth Distributors	War and Glory / Peace and Stability
8	Hierarchic / Networked	Tech + Science / Mysticism / Psionics
9	Roll 2 tags, re-roll if 9 comes up again.	Roll 2 tags, re-roll if 9 comes up again.
10	Elitist / Egalitarian	Bigoted / Inclusive
11	Assassins / Protectors	Criminals / Vigilantes / Law Enforcers
12	Paranoiacs / Egotists	Conspiracy Theorists / Puppet Masters

Faction Visibility

Most factions are in full public view, but some are more secretive. Roll 2D6 to select a visibility type or choose one to reflect your concept of the faction.

1-7	Open	Nature, behaviour and assets are largely known to the public. Some parts of operations and assets will be obscured for the life of the operation but then they will become public knowledge.
8-10	Obscure	The faction and its general nature are known to the public but its inner workings, operations and assets are not known, and require some digging to discover.
11-12	Secret	The existence of this faction may be rumoured. Everything else is hidden. Digging may reveal some of the nature of the faction. Knowing about its assets and operations requires hard investigative work, which has the risk of drawing the factions attention.

Faction Use of Force

Most factions achieve things by persuasion, expending resources, strategic positioning and general lobbying. Some are more inclined to use force and threats. Roll 2D6 to select a use of force type or choose one to reflect your concept of the faction.

1-7	Standard	The faction relies on law enforcement and does not resort to using force generally.
8-10	Aggressive	The faction will resort to threats and violence when it seems it will be effective.
11-12	Dangerous	The faction prefers threats and violence as a way of getting things done.

Faction Strength

Roll 2D6 or choose an initial strength for each faction. This will influence presence and the outcome of operations. It is also an indicator of how many assets should be available where the faction is present.

Faction Presence

Factions have a scope which tells you where they are generally present, and within that scope they may have strongholds, areas where they are more strongly present than elsewhere. During prep you don’t want to have to detail the presence of every faction for every planet. This scope mechanism allows you to define presence generally. You may then detail some specific presences, and then rules help to decide what factions are in specific star systems as players move to them.

Scope	Stronghold Size	Stronghold Count
Astro Nation	Collection of stars within 8 jumps of the centre of the stronghold home star.	Str 2 to 3 = 1 Str 4 to 6 = 2 Str 7 to 9 = 3 Str 10 to 12 = 4
Sector-ish	Collection of stars within 5 jumps of the centre of the stronghold home star.	Str 1 to 7 = 1 Str 8 to 12 = 2
Star Group	Collection of stars within one jump of the stronghold home star.	1
Star System	None	None

Each stronghold within a faction’s area has a home star and the stronghold extent is worked out radially from there.

Star System Presence

This chart tells you if a faction is present in any significant way in a given star system within the factions total extent. Some star systems have an automatic yes or no, others have dice rolls. Where a dice roll is used then apply a DM for the factions strength as if it were a character strength value. There is nothing to stop you just deciding for yourself whenever you want. You can prep some presence but a lot will be tested during play as it becomes useful to know.

Scope	Capitol	Trade Hub or Population Centre	Star Port type E or X	Other Star System Type
Astro Nation
– Stronghold	Yes	Yes	No	8+
– Other	6+	8+	No	10+
Sector-ish
– Stronghold	Yes	Yes	No	8+
– Other	6+	6+	No	10+
Star Group
– Stronghold	Yes	6+	10+	6+
– Other	6+	6+	No	8+
Star System	6+	8+	No	10+

Star System factions are present in their home system. Other scopes have presence automatically in their stronghold home systems.

Coming Up: Low Prep Traveller Factions : Dynamics